PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.